| NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals: These solutions are very beneficial for the students to understand the concept of Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals thoroughly. These solutions are based on the NCERT Science book for CBSE and prepared by our subject expert for students to clear the doubts and completely understand the concept. We have tried to provide the Solution in the simplest form and in the easiest language to understand the concept and prepare for the Class 10th CBSE science examination. We recommend students to read the questions and answers carefully to score good marks in the Examination. Now, we will discuss the topics in brief which are covered in this chapter.
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Class 10th Science NCERT Chapter-3 Metals and Non-metals Solutions (Solved In-text and Exercise Questions)
Q1. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
(a) NaCl solution and copper metal
(b) MgCl2 solution and aluminium metal
(c) FeSO4 solution and silver metal
(d) AgNO3 solution and copper metal.
Ans. (d) AgNo3 solution and copper metal.
Q2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) All of the above.
Ans. (c) applying a coating of zinc.
Q3. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
(a) calcium
(b) carbon
(c) silicon
(d) iron.
Ans. (a) Calcium
Q4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.
Ans. (c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
Q5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
Ans. (a) With the help of given things we can conduct different tests:
- Beating a material with hammer show its malleability. Metals are malleable and easily drawn into sheets and non-metals breaks down when beaten by a hammer because non-metals are not malleable.
- We can do an electric conductivity test. Metals have high conductivity to electricity whereas, non-metals have less electricity conductivity property or do not conduct electricity.
(b) These tests are very useful to know about the different properties of a Metal and Non-metal. For example, we can check the malleability property and other properties.
Q6. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
Ans. metal oxides are basic in nature. But some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, etc., show both acidic as well as basic behaviour. Such metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric oxides.
PbO and Al2O3 are examples of amphoteric oxides.
Q7. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Ans. Magnesium(Mg) and Zinc(Zn) are the two metals which will displace the hydrogen from dilute acid because these are very reactive metals.
Silver and Gold are the two metals which will not displace the Hydrogen from dilute acids because these metals are less reactive.
Q8. In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?
Ans. In the electrolytic refining of metal M, the impure metal will be considered as anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. A solution of the metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current
through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode
dissolves into the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the
electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution, whereas, the insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the anode and are known as anode mud.
Q9. Pratyush took a sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it, as shown in the figure below.
(a) What will be the action of gas on
(i) dry litmus paper?
(ii) moist litmus paper?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
Ans. (a) The gas produced on heating of sulphur powder is Sulphur dioxide
(i) It does not have any effect on dry litmus paper.
(ii) It turns moist litmus paper from red from blue.
(b) The balanced equation for the reaction:
SO2(g) + H2O →H2SO3
Q10. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Ans. The rusting of iron can be prevented by painting, oiling, greasing, galvanising, chrome plating, anodising or making alloys.
Galvanisation is a method of protecting steel and iron from rusting by coating them with a thin layer of zinc. The galvanised article is protected against rusting even if the zinc coating is broken.
Alloying is a very good method of improving the properties of a metal. We can get the desired properties by this method. For example, iron is the most widely used metal. But it is never used in its pure state. This is because pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot. But, if it is mixed with a small amount of carbon (about 0.05 %), it becomes hard and strong. When iron is mixed with nickel and chromium, we get stainless steel, which is hard and does not rust.
Q11. What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
Ans. Non-metals form either acidic or neutral oxides when combined with oxygen.
Q12. Give reasons
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
Ans. (a) Platinum, gold, and silver are used to make jewellery because they are less reactive in air, water, and chemicals so they do not corrode. They are very shinny as compared to other metals. Also, they are malleable and ductile in nature because of which they can be converted into sheets and wires easily.
(b) Sodium, Potassium, and lithium react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept in open. Hence, to protect them and to prevent accidental fires, they are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking because it is resistant to corrosion. Aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air to form a thin layer of aluminium oxide which prevents further reaction of aluminium with oxygen. Aluminium is a good conductor of heat and it is light in weight also.
(d) Obtaining a metal from its oxide is much easier than doing that from a metal sulphide or carbonate. Due to this; metal sulphides and carbonates are first converted to metal oxides during the metallurgy.
Q13. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
Ans.
Q14. Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.
Ans. Difference between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties is given below.
| Metals | Non-metals |
| All Metals combine with oxygen to form ionic oxide. These are basic in nature except aluminium and zinc. | All Non-metals combine with oxygen to form covalent oxide. These are acidic in nature |
| Metals are good conductor of heat. | Non-metals are bad conductor of heat, except graphite. |
| Metals are lustrous. | Non-metals are not lustrous, except graphite |
| Metals are good conductor of electricity | Non-metals are bad conductors of electricity |
| They are electropositive, lose electrons readily and become a positive ion. | They are electronegative, gain electrons and become negative ions. |
| Metals are found in solid-state, except mercury | Non-metals are found in all three states. |
Q15. A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument, the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find
out the nature of the solution, he had used?
Ans. The solution used by goldsmith was Aqua regia. Aqua regia is a Latin word which means ‘Royal Water’. It is the mixture of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. It is capable of dissolving metals like Gold and Platinum. When the gold bangles were dipped in the Aqua regia, weight of bangles was reduced drastically.
Q16. Give reasons why copper is used to making hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).
Ans. Copper is used to making hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron) because iron gets corroded when exposed to moist air or steam for a long time. Whereas copper does not react with water and steam.
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